Test #2 Review: Chapters 3 & 4
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True or False
1. A strand of hair is mostly made up of dead skin cells.
2. The papilla is the only part of the strand of hair that is alive.
3. Follicles are only found on a strand of hair if it is cut.
4. A hair consists of two parts: a follicle and a shaft.
5. The hair shaft is made up of three layers: an outer medulla, a cortex, and an inner cuticle.
6. The cuticle is a transparent inner layer of the hair shaft.
7. In humans, the cortex is the largest part of the hair shaft.
8. Bits of pigment found in the cortex of a hair is called melanin granules.
9. The ethnicity of an individual can usually be determined by looking at a strand of hair.
10. It is impossible to tell which part of the body the hair comes from by looking at it under a microscope.
11. Fibers are woven into textiles or fabrics.
12. Synthetic polymer fibers, which all originate with petroleum products, are cellulose-based fibers.
13. The most common type of regenerated fiber, which is derived from cellulose and is mostly plant in origin, is rayon.
14. Polyester has properties similar to nylon except it is easily broken down by light and concentrated acid.
15. A disadvantage of synthetic fibers is that they can deteriorate in bright sunlight and melt at a lower temperature than natural fibers.
Multiple Choice
16. The region of a hair located outside of the medulla containing granules of pigment is called:
the cuticle.
the hair follicle.
the cortex.
None of these chances.
17. A type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair is:
keratin.
cuticle.
protein.
None of these choices.
18. When someone bleaches their hair,
new blond pigments are added. all or most of the pigment is removed. part of the cuticle is removed. all of the cuticle is removed.
19. Hair is considered:
secondary evidence.
class evidence.
tertiary evidence.
individual evidence.
20. Hair can adhere to clothes, carpets and many other surfaces and be transferred to other locations. This is called:
secondary transfer.
tertiary transfer.
primary transfer.
redundant transfer.
21. Investigators recognized the importance of analysis of hair as:
tertiary evidence in criminal investigations in the late 1800s.
secondary evidence in criminal investigations in the late 1880s.
primary evidence in criminal investigations in the late 1880s.
trace evidence in criminal investigations in the late 1880s.
22. All mammals have hair. Its main purpose is to:
regulate body temperature--to keep the body warm by insulating it.
protect the body from an attack.
protect the body from rugged terrain.
None of these choices.
23. When humans are born, they have about:
5 million hair follicles, only two percent of which are on the head.
10 million hair follicles, only two percent of which are on the head.
5 million hair follicles, only five percent of which are on the head.
10 million hair follicles, only five percent of which are on the head.
24. When hair is dyed,
the entire cortex is dyed, but nothing else is.
most of the cortex and the cuticle was dyed.
the entire cuticle is dyed, but nothing else.
the entire medulla is dyed, but nothing else.
25. Rodent, bat, and sometimes, but rarely, human are creatures that have hair with a very thin diameter will typically have crown-shaped scales or:
imbricate scales.
coronal scales.
spinous scales.
All of the above.
26. Seals, cats, and minks, but never humans, are creatures that have hair petal-like scales called:
imbricate scales.
coronal scales.
spinous scales.
All of the above.
27. Human hair typically has flattened scales called:
imbricate scales.
coronal scales.
spinous scales.
All of the above.
28. What is the relationship between hair with coronal scales and porosity?
The more compact the scales, the higher the porosity, and the more raised the scales, the lower the porosity.
The more compact the scales, the lower the porosity, and the more raised the scales, the higher the porosity.
The more elastic the hair, the less porous it is.
The shape of the scales have no affect on porosity.
29. Hair viewed for forensic investigations is studied both macroscopically and microscopically. Microscopic characteristics include the:
pattern of the medulla.
types of scales on the cuticle.
pigmentation of the cortex.
All of these choices.
30. Many dyes and other hair treatments will fluoresce under a certain color (wavelength) of light. In a fluorescence microscope, a beam of light of a certain color is used. If the sample contains particular chemicals, it will absorb some of the light and then reemit light of a different color. This is called:
fluorescence.
incandescence.
effervescence.
None of these choices.
31. Since hair grows out of the skin, chemicals that the skin absorbs can become incorporated into hair. Ingested or absorbed toxins can be detected by chemical analyses of hair. These ingested or absorbed toxins include:
arsenic.
drugs.
lead.
All of these choices.
32. If hair is forcibly removed from a victim, the entire hair follicle may be present. This is called a:
hair tag.
follicular tag.
cuticle tag.
None of these choices.
33. Animal hair and human hair have several differences including:
the pattern of pigmentation.
the cuticle type.
the medullary index.
All of these choices.
34. Fibers that have been spun together are called:
a textile.
a mineral fiber.
yarn.
a fiber.
35. When fibers are transferred directly from victim to suspect or suspect to victim, this is called:
necessary transfer.
absolute transfer.
direct transfer.
None of these choices.
36. The transfer of evidence such as a fiber from a source to a person, then to another person, is called:
primary transfer.
secondary transfer.
tertiary transfer.
direct transfer.
37. Early collection of fibers in an investigation is critical. Within 24 hours, an estimated:
75% of all fibers may have fallen from a victim or been lost from a crime scene.
85% of all fibers may have fallen from a victim or been lost from a crime scene.
95% of all fibers may have fallen from a victim or been lost from a crime scene.
None of these choices.
38. A forensic scientist will ask questions about:
type of fiber.
number of fibers found.
fiber color.
All of these choices.
39. Fiber evidence is gathered with:
special vacuums.
tweezers.
sticky tape.
All of these choices.
40. Fibers are classified as either:
natural fibers or synthetic fibers.
acrylic fibers or plant fibers.
polymers or synthetic fibers.
olefins or synthetic fibers.
41. Natural fibers come from:
animals.
minerals that are mined from the ground.
plants.
All of these choices.
42. Natural plant fibers are produced by:
seeds.
stems and leaves.
fruits.
All of these choices.
43. All plant fibers share the common polymer that is:
cellulose.
sulferic acid.
protein.
None of these choices.
44. One seed fiber is:
cotton.
hemp.
coir.
jute.
45. Fiberglass is a fiber form of:
proteins.
cellulose.
glass.
polymers.
46. The longest stage in hair development is the:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
47. The first stage of hair development is the:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
48. The second stage of hair development is the:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
49. The last stage of hair development is the:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
50. Hair grows and changes (curls or straightens) during this period:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
51. The follicles become dormant during this period:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
52. Cells around the follicle rapidly divide during this stage:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
53. Materials, such as metals and toxins, are deposited into the hair during this period:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
54. Hair can easily be lost through shedding when it becomes naturally loose during this period:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
55. The shortest stage, which only lasts 2 to 3 weeks, is the:
anagen stage.
catagen stage.
telogen stage.
halogen stage.
Use the chart below to answer questions 56 through 60.
56. When performing a fiber burn analysis test on a sample, it stopped burning when removed from the flame, leaving behind a hard black bead and smells like burning hair. What fiber is this?
Cotton Polyester Rayon Silk Wool 57. When performing a fiber burn analysis test on a sample, it stopped burning when removed from the flame, leaving behind a brittle, black residue and smells like burning hair. What fiber is this?
Cotton Polyester Rayon Silk Wool
58. When performing a fiber burn analysis test on a sample, it stopped burning when removed from the flame, without leaving behind a smell and having very little change. What fiber is this?
Cotton Polyester Rayon Silk Wool 59. When performing a fiber burn analysis test on a sample, it continues to burn and produces a small amount of light ash residue. What fiber is this?
Cotton Polyester Rayon Silk Wool 60. When performing a fiber burn analysis test on a sample, it continues to burn and produces a fluffy gray ash. What fiber is this?
Cotton Polyester Rayon Silk Wool
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